San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.15 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland.The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2)on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,179 people per square mile (6,632 people per km2).
It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated large city in the United States after New York City.

San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 13th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 805,235 as of the 2010 Census.

In 1776, colonists from Spain established a fort at the Golden Gate and a mission named for Francis of Assisi on the site.The California Gold Rush of 1849 propelled the city into a period of rapid growth, increasing the population in one year from 1,000 to 25,000,and thus transforming it into the largest city on the West Coast at the time.

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